Select and briefly describe one environmental act and how it has helped to ensure a safe environment in the United States

Select and briefly describe one environmental act and how it has helped to ensure a safe environment in the United States

At least 75 words

 

Describe the role of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in policy formation and in protecting the environment

At least 75 words

 

Describe the importance of water and air quality to the environment and public health. What are the approaches used in relation to these issues?

At least 200 words

 

Describe some of the challenges faced in addressing environmental issues. Give some examples of actions that can be taken either by you personally or governing agencies to overcome these challenges.

At least 200 words

Define managed care and discuss the four major goals of managed care and how they play a role in the health care system. 

Define managed care and discuss the four major goals of managed care and how they play a role in the health care system.

should be 2-3 pages double-spaced, Times New Roman 12 pt. font.

Your reflection should address (a) your self-discovery, including your attitudes and behaviors about health disparities and the individuals that carry the heaviest burdens associated with poor health and disabilities

Your reflection should address (a) your self-discovery, including your attitudes and behaviors about health disparities and the individuals that carry the heaviest burdens associated with poor health and disabilities; (b) insights about healthcare professionals, consumers (patients), and the health system; (c) additional work that is necessary for you to become a more competent health care provider and demonstrate best practices in an increasingly diverse society; and (d) your next step(s) in addressing health care disparities. should be 3-5 pages double-spaced, in Times New Roman 12-point font.

Develop your position about individual rights to control the spread of communicable diseases for the good of society.

Develop your position about individual rights to control the spread of communicable diseases for the good of society.

· Survey the role of boards of health in your community and state to determine how communicable diseases are prevented and controlled.

·150-word minimum/250-word maximum

one reference

Professional Development Assignment:

Be sure to address each bullet point. Here is the assignment below.

Assignment:

Professional Development Assignment:

  • Public health efforts and those of private medicine complement each other and together serve the spectrum of health service needs of American society. Why, then, has their relationship been so contentious?
  • The Institute of Medicine report of 1999 cites two major studies that establish medical errors as one of the leading causes of death and disability in the United States. Should the federal government take the necessary steps to monitor the status of this high-risk situation, as it does with other epidemics, or should the government continue to trust the providers of health care to deal forthrightly with the problem?
  • Analyze why legislative attempts to address only one of the trio of rising costs, lack of universal access, or variable quality of health care only worsens the remaining two.

Please submit one APA formatted paper between 1000 – 1500 words, not including the title and reference page. The assignment should have a minimum of two (2) scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook.

Assignment Expectations

Length: 1000-1500 words

Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA style. These do not count towards the minimal word amount for this assignment.

References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. Include at least two (2) scholarly sources to support your claims.

Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx).

Explain the true value of leadership in decision-making.

Write a 1- to 2-page paper that identifies the following:

  1. Explain the true value of leadership in decision-making.
  2. Describe one decision your selected leaders from Good Samaritan Hospital made or might have made. Then, describe their leadership styles and how these leadership styles might influence their decision-making.
  3. Using examples from your own personal work experience, how do employees perceive decision-making based on a healthcare manager’s leadership style?
  4. What leadership decision-making style do you believe is most effective in a healthcare setting of your choice?

https://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/HLTH/4100/01/orgchart/index.html

Threats to Validity of Research

Threats to Validity of Research

In this assignment, you will identify the various threats to the validity of a proposed research topic.

Select a topic related to public health care from the following:

  • Health disparities: Chronic diseases
  • Environmental health
  • Impact of infectious diseases on public health

Using the South University Online Library or the Internet, conduct a literature review on your chosen topic. Based on your review, create a 3- to 4-page Microsoft Word document that includes:

  • A list of topic that you have selected and provide a rationale for your choice.
  • At least three specific research questions (hypotheses) on which your research proposal will be based.
  • The research method for your research proposal. Your research method should explain how you intend to obtain your results, including information on the type of research and sampling plan.
  • The different types of threats to validity and a brief explanation of the threats that are appropriate for your research design.
  • Specify strategies for minimizing the identified threats to validity.
  • A project plan with a detailed equipment list.

Submission Details

  • Support your responses with examples.
  • Cite any sources in APA format.

Annonan Salomon 

CLINICAL

 

Oldine Pierre 

RE: Week 7 Discussion Prompt

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For the first part of the clinical experience course, I was in school nursing. I expected to learn how school nurses manage children with chronic conditions. I was also expecting to learn how to build a trusting relationship with the children. Unfortunately, due to COVID-19, I was only able to attend one session. During that one session, I did learn how the school nurse cares for children with asthma. Since I was not able to complete my clinical experience with school nursing, I ended up completing my hours with Feeding South Florida (FSF). I was very disappointed because I did not know how volunteering at a food bank related to nursing. After completing some shifts, at FSF, I realized how important food banks are at keeping people in the community healthy. Although I did not have hands-on experience with patients, I was making a difference in their lives by helping with their basic needs.

 

Annonan Salomon 

RE: Week 7 Discussion Prompt

COLLAPSE

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Class,

When I first started my clinicals I was not sure what my expectations were.  I think it was mainly to go to the clinical and see what I learn while I was there.  As time has gone on, my expectations about what I have wanted to learn has expanded in scope to being able to understand why we are using a specific dressing and how to perform correct dressing changes on patients.  Now as I perfomr my daily routin as a charge nurse I have a better understanding of when a patient comes in with a wound what will be required to cover that wound and why I want that specific dressing.  When the doctor comes to see the patient those might change, but when a patient has a dressing it won’t be as daunting when it needs to be changed for some reason.  There has been times when nursing that I was unsre about what dressing to use on an ulcer, but now it is clearer on exactly what will be used and if the dressing falls off I can change the dressing appropriately.  I did enjoy my time with wound care and the amount of information they taught me has been helpful in clearing up so many questions that I had prior to starting clinicals.

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CAPSTONE

 

Aileen Obrusnik 

RE: Discussion

COLLAPSE

Top of Form

On our daily duty we will always encounter things that we think it needs a change or transformation to promote safety to both the patients and staffs.  I think one of the changes that needs to be implemented is to have a better communication between staff, clinical or non-clinical in the building.   I think until now, we still strive for the nurses to communicate better to colleagues or non-clinical staff.  Due to poor communication many various things get misinterpreted or things that needs to get done, doesn’t get done. Communication between the team members, IDT, receptionist, and patient is very important to deliver a good quality care to the patient, patient’s family, and makes work easier to everyone.  Other than communication, we must always come in with a good attitude, to bring in a positive energy throughout a shift.

Collaboration between the health care teams increases team members awareness of each other’s type of knowledge and skill, and leads to improvement with decision making.  Effective teams are characterized by trust, respect, and collaboration.  Lack of communication or collaboration between the health care teams can jeopardize the patient’s health.  Good communication encourages collaboration and helps prevent errors.

In my unit, we have two different teams each day.  I have implemented a communication book in the station, so that we know what to address and what other start we have to focus on.  We also have a daily huddle every morning and shift to discuss about new policies and current event.  Communicating between the team, made us work better as a team, and delivered a better outcome to our patients.

 

 

Kathleen Mendez 

RE: Discussion

COLLAPSE

Top of Form

I was very impressed with the ideas and changes the nurses in the video had made in their units. I do not currently work on the floor but when I did I remember often feeling overwhelmed and swamped and really needing that help and support. The red/yellow/green board seems like a great innovation to support the nursing staff and ultimately provide better patient care. One of the biggest reasons why I left floor nursing, aside from the fact that I love the operating room, was because I went home every day feeling like I had not given good care to my patients because I was so swamped and did not have enough time. This was a horrible feeling! That is partly why I work in the OR because I am able to focus on my patient and work within a team at all times.

A couple of changes I would like to implement in my unit are to improve the “team lead” role and also to improve hand off communication among the nurses. In my unit we have a team lead role that is meant to support two to three rooms/nurses with their line -up for the day. They are supposed to help check in patients, assist with room turnover, get next case ready, etc. but this role has not been clearly defined and/or implemented therefore, the staff are inefficient in this role. I would like to further define the role and really implement it effectively and efficiently so that we can provide safe, quality patient care.

I would also like to improve our hand-off tool within our organizaiton so that this process is standardized and actually followed through with. Studies have shown that “ineffective communication among healthcare professionals is one of the leading causes of medical errors and patient harm” (Dingly, Daugherty, Derieg and Persing, 2016). The compliance among nurses within our organization in utilizing this tool is very minimal. I would like to narrow down the barriers to using it and improve it in the interest of patient safety.

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PUBLIC HEALTH

 

Shelley Williamson 

RE: Discussion Prompt Attachment

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I enjoyed viewing the presentations from my classmates and learning more about the vulnerable populations that I didn’t do research on.  I especially learned a lot from the presentation on Native Americans – Navajo.  Although COVID-19 has affected all of the United States, very little is about how it is affecting the Native American tribes has been publicized, but they are being hit very hard.  In April, only 27,000 tests were administered to the 173,667 people of the Navajo nation, with 3000 of those coming back positive (Smith, 2020)  An already vulnerable population is being decimated and their predicament needs to be more widely publicized.

I also learned a lot from the presentation on the immigrant population and their concerns.  Another vulnerable population that I did not realize were afraid to seek help when they are sick, but can understand why, due to the nature of the government we have today.  We owe it to all of our vulnerable peoples to help them as much as we can.

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Cindy Ngo 

RE: Discussion Prompt

 

Top of Form

Working in the Emergency Department, one population that I am most nervous working with is the homeless population because there are so many concerns this population encounter on a daily basis. One point that stood out to me from Kevin tutol’s presentation is homeless population may avoid seeking medical care due to encountering healthcare providers who may see the homeless patient as low lives, lazy, dirty rather than spend time educating patients about patient’s condition and referring patients to appropriate resources to empower patient on how to manage condition, prevent complications. In addition, many governmental programs are developed to help children cope and escape poverty. Homeless population are at risk for developing or worsening substance abuse, mental health conditions. How can the public prevent at risk population from becoming homeless? This include those living in poverty, students, those who did not finish high school. For those who suffer from substance abuse, how do we help this population regain control of their life and transition back into the workplace and society.

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Description of Program and Logic Model Describe an evidence-based intervention based on your completed needs assessment.

Benchmark – Program Implementation Plan Part 1 – Description of Program and Logic Model Describe an evidence-based intervention based on your completed needs assessment. Your intervention should be population-based and informed by your chosen theory and SMART goals and objectives. Population-based interventions can be directed at the entire population within a community, the systems that affect the health of those populations, and/or the individuals and families within those populations known to be at risk. Use the Logic Model to design your proposed intervention. 1. Description of the Intervention 0. Describe the population-based, evidence-based program/intervention. 0. Discuss how the intervention will support improving the health issue for the target population. 1. Goal and Objectives 1. Goal: 1. Process Objectives (the activities to be completed in a specific time period): 1. Outcome Objectives (changes in knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, policy, environment systems, etc.): 1. Complete the Logic Model. Design your intervention using the template on the following page: Inputs Long-Term Outcomes Intermediate Outcomes Short-Term Outcomes Outputs Activities Legend Inputs: What resources do you need to make this happen? (e.g., staff, space, funding) Activities: What are you going to do? (e.g., educate and establish partnerships) Outputs: What will happen because of your activities? (e.g., 100 people trained) Short-Term Outcomes: Immediate changes you expect to occur (e.g., changes in knowledge) Intermediate Outcomes: (e.g., changes in behavior) Long-Term Outcomes: How will this program help in the future (e.g., obesity prevention)? Target Population (as identified by needs assessment): Health issue affecting target population: Theory or model used to inform an intervention: Logic Model Part 2 – Implementation Timeline and Action Plan Develop a program timeline and action plan using a Gantt chart, depicting the key tasks, activities and people involved in the first 12 months (1 year) of implementing your program and the projected timeframe for completion of each task. Use the objectives you defined in Part 1. Example : Objective: By the end of the school year, district health educators will have delivered lessons on tobacco refusal skills to 90% of youth participants in the middle school tobacco prevention curriculum. Timeline for Tasks/Activities Task/Activity Personnel Responsible Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Train volunteers on curricula Program coordinator X X Deliver education classes Volunteers X X X 1. Complete the table below for your intervention (add rows, as needed): Objective 1: Timeline for Tasks/Activities Task/Activity Personnel Responsible Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Objective 1: Timeline for Tasks/Activities Task/Activity Personnel Responsible Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Objective 1: Timeline for Tasks/Activities Task/Activity Personnel Responsible Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Objective 1: Timeline for Tasks/Activities Task/Activity Personnel Responsible Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Objective 1: Timeline for Tasks/Activities Task/Activity Personnel Responsible Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Part 3 – Budget and Budget Justification Review the “Program Budget Resource” to complete your budget and justification. Identify a potential source of funding for your project. Add or remove rows from the tables below, as needed, to complete your budget. Source of Funding: 1. Personnel Staff Position Yearly Salary % of Time Fringe Benefits (as % or additional cost) Total Amount (Do not add fringe benefits twice.) Total 1. Travel Item Description of Travel Event Expenses Amount Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Total 1. Equipment Equipment Item Description Amount Total Total 1. Supplies Supply Item Description Amount Total Total 1. Consultant Consultant/ Organizational Affiliation Services to Be Rendered and Relevance to Service Project Number of Days Expected Rate of Compensation Total Total 1. Other Item Description Amount or Amount/Month Total Total Total 1. Total Direct Costs Budget Item Total Amount Personnel Fringe Travel Equipment Supplies Contractual Consultant Other Total 1. Budget Proposal and Justification Write a 250-500 word justification for your budget. The justification summarizes the resources needed and why. Provide relevant rationale and evidence to support your summary.

Access and affordability

Discussion:

1. Access and affordability: This is simultaneously an environment where we have made exceptional strides in turning cancer into a chronic disease and adding years to life. At the same time, we still struggle with access and affordability. On the affordability front, the cost of the therapies including the drugs and immunotherapy has implications for access. With such a prevalent and horrible disease as cancer, ideally you would want treatment to be 100% accessible. We need a healthcare system that is dramatically improved in quality, dramatically improved in access, and dramatically improved in affordability and sustainability for patients, doctors, employers, and the country. Quality, access, and cost are major challenges that are going to require transformative change. With access, one in four Americans will defer care because of cost reasons. One in three Americans will not take prescription drugs because of cost. One of the major causes of personal bankruptcy is healthcare. We have a highly inefficient system. Out of the $3.5 trillion that we spend on healthcare in this country, which is close to 19% of our gross domestic product, about $700 billion to $900 billion is wasteful care.

2. Geographic barriers: In our case, we get a lot of patients who come from all over the country and all over the world. We get many patients who come to us after they have tried treatment at their local hospital. It’s a major journey for these patients to travel. By offering telehealth and partnering with local providers, we are trying to bridge this gap. But just because you have wonderful new therapies and protocols at facilities like ours, it doesn’t mean that everyone can overcome the geographical barriers to access them.

3. Time: There might be a clinical trial that is in its infancy but it’s so close to unlocking an important scientific discovery that I would wish that I could get it to patients today instead of a year from now. Time is also a factor in catching disease early and preventing disease. Just like with cardiac care and diabetes, there are lots of things that can prevent cancer, up to 50% of cancer is preventable. Through prevention and very early detection and diagnosis, we can stop cancers at the cellular level before they progress to more complex diseases. Often, the treatment side gets the most attention, more dollars, and more resources. Treatment is very important, but we need to pay as much attention to devoting dollars and resources to prevention and diagnosis.

References

National Cancer Policy Forum; Board on Health Care Services; Institute of Medicine. Delivering Affordable Cancer Care in the 21st Century: Workshop Summary. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2013 May 20. CURRENT CHALLENGES. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK202475/

van de Haar J, Hoes LR, Coles CE, et al: Caring for patients with cancer in the COVID-19 era. Nat Med 26:665-671, 2020 [Erratum: Nat Med 26:1146, 2020]

 

 

 

Discussion Response:

Nicely summarized post.  I agree with you that the cost of drugs and/or treatment within the United States has become unreasonable and is resulting in patients having to make decisions between food on their table or medicine for their disease.  Rajkumar (2020) found that global spending on prescription drugs averaged $1.3 trillion in 2020, with the United States making up $350 billion of the total.  Globally, spending on prescription drugs is expected to increase 3%-6% year on year.  Hunter (2011) reported that the average price of a life-saving oncology drug can cost $100,000-$150,000 annually in the US.

Reducing the price of prescription drugs has no easy solution, especially in markets like the United States where there are no government controlled price caps or value-based pricing requirements.  Fundamental changes to global and United States (US) policies are necessary if drug prices are lowered, but careful consideration must be taken to appropriately compensate pharmaceutical companies for the costs associated with research and development.  It is an extremely delicate balance that requires transparency and input from all key stakeholders.

References

Hunter, J.  (2011).  Challenges for pharmaceutical industry: new partnerships for sustainable human health.  The Royal Society, 369, 1942.  https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0377.

Rajkumar, S. V.  (2020).  The high cost of prescription drugs: causes and solutions [Editorial].  Blood Cancer Journal, 10(71).  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-020-0338-x.