Discuss the importance of advocacy as it pertains to patient care. What is the nurse’s role in patient advocacy? Describe a situation in which you were involved with patient advocacy. Explain what the advocacy accomplished for the patient, and what the repercussions would have been if the patient would not have had an advocate.

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Examine the importance of professional associations in nursing. Choose a professional nursing organization that relates to your specialty area, or a specialty area in which you are interested. In a 750‐1,000 word paper, provide a detailed overview the organization and its advantages for members. Include the following:

1. Describe the organization and its significance to nurses in the specialty area. Include its purpose, mission, and vision. Describe the overall benefits, or “perks,” of being a member.

2. Explain why it is important for a nurse in this specialty field to network. Discuss how this organization creates networking opportunities for nurses.

3. Discuss how the organization keeps its members informed of health care changes and changes to practice that affect the specialty area.

4.  Discuss opportunities for continuing education and professional development.

You are required to cite a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be appropriate for the assignment and relevant to nursing practice.

1. Lace tested the effectiveness of alternative types of messages in encouraging the elderly to come forward for a flu vaccination. All members of a senior citizens’ center in a middle-sized community (a total of 504 elderly men and women) were sent a letter advising them a flu epidemic was anticipated and the elderly were especially likely to benefit from an immunization. Half the members were sent a letter stressing the benefits of getting a flu shot (the benefit letter group). The other half were sent a letter stressing the potential dangers of not getting a flu shot (the danger letter group). To avoid any biases, a lottery-type system was used to determine who got which letter. Both letters advised the elders of free immunizations being available at a community health clinic over a 1-week period and free transportation would be made available to them. Rates of coming forward for a flu shot among the two groups of elders were monitored to assess whether one approach of encouragement was more persuasive than the other. Results revealed a higher percentage of elderly in the “benefit letter” group obtained a flu shot than the elders in the “danger letter” group.
   1. Discuss in one paragraph whether and how, this study addressed a research purpose linked to evidence-based practice. (10 points)
   2. In what ways could the researcher have enhanced this study by including a qualitative component? (One paragraph, 10 points)

ANSWER:

1. a.

1. b.

1. A group of nurses working in a community health center were unsure how to answer questions from patients about appropriate means of cleansing children’s wounds in home settings. Most nurses felt sterile saline should be recommended to minimize the risk of infection, but others believed tap water was adequate for cleansing acute wounds. The nurses decided to examine the evidence and located a systematic review in the Cochrane database. Among the studies conducted, the review concluded there were no differences in rates of infection or healing between the use of tap water and sterile saline in the cleansing of wounds. However, a few of the studies had involved children, and most had been conducted in health care settings. The nurses decided to initiate a new study to gather more focused and informative evidence about the effects of saline solution versus tap water in cleansing children’s wounds.
   1. Discuss which aspects of the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care could be completed as part of this project. (One paragraph, 10 points)
   2. What activities could the nurses undertake to conform to the Iowa Model? (One paragraph, 10 points)

ANSWER:

2. a.

2. b.

1. In urban ghettos, active participation in the community’s social and economic life for elderly residents is dangerous and potentially life-threatening. This study explored how elders survived in the midst of crime-ridden, inner-city neighborhoods, and how they coped with the social isolation often resulting when public spaces and streets were unsafe. The study was undertaken over a 3-year period in a low-income Baltimore neighborhood known citywide for its “drug warfare.” Data were collected by observing elders in a senior center, by talking with them in-depth in the center and in their homes, by having conversations with the elders’ family members and with staff at the senior center, and by observing life on the streets. The findings indicated fear filled the lives of most elders, who almost never ventured from their homes without a specific (and local) destination. The center served as an important refuge from loneliness and was viewed as a critical ingredient in maintaining positive mental health, especially for elders who had no family living in the neighborhood.
   1. Several of the findings suggested concepts that could be operationalized and measured in a quantitative study.  Identify at least two concepts and explain in broad terms a possible strategy to operationalize them (one paragraph, 10 points).

ANSWER:

3. a.

1. You will act as a critic for some of the main subjects covered in the humanities. You will conduct a series of short, evaluative critiques of film, philosophy, literature, music, and myth. You will respond to five different prompts, and each response should include an analysis of the topics using terminology unique to that subject area and should include an evaluation as to why the topic stands the test of time. The five prompts are as follows:

   1: Choose a film and offer an analysis of why it is an important film, and discuss it in terms of film as art. Your response should be more than a summary of the film.
   2: Imagine you had known Plato and Aristotle and you had a conversation about how we fall in love. Provide an overview of how Plato would explain falling in love, and then provide an overview of how Aristotle might explain falling in love.
   3: Compare and contrast the two poems below:

   1 LOVE’S INCONSISTENCY
   I find no peace, and all my war is done;
   I fear and hope, I burn and freeze likewise
   I fly above the wind, yet cannot rise;
   And nought I have, yet all the world I seize on;
   That looseth, nor locketh, holdeth me in prison, And holds me not, yet can I ’scape no wise;
   Nor lets me live, nor die, at my devise,
   And yet of death it giveth none occasion.
   Without eyes I see, and without tongue I plain;
   I wish to perish, yet I ask for health;
   I love another, and yet I hate myself;
   I feed in sorrow, and laugh in all my pain;
   Lo, thus displeaseth me both death and life,
   And my delight is causer of my grief.
   Petrarch
   After great pain a formal feeling comes—
   The nerves sit ceremonious like tombs;
   The stiff Heart questions—was it He that bore?
   And yesterday—or centuries before?
   The feet mechanical go round
   A wooden way
   Of ground or air or ought
   Regardless grown,
   A quartz contentment like a stone.
   This is the hour of lead
   Remembered if outlived
   As freezing persons recollect
   The snow—
   First chill, then stupor, then
   The letting go
   Emily Dickinson

   4: Compare and contrast these two pieces of music:
   Beethoven’s Violin Romance No. 2Scott Joplin’s Maple Leaf Rag5: Explain in classical terms why a modern character is a hero. Choose from either Luke Skywalker, Indiana Jones, Bilbo Baggins, Harry Potter, Katniss Everdeen, or Ender Wiggins.

   You will conduct a series of short, evaluative critiques of film, philosophy, literature, music, and myth. You will respond to five different prompts, and each response should include an analysis of the topics using terminology unique to that subject area and should include an evaluation as to why the topic stands the test of time. The five prompts are as follows:

   1: Choose a film and offer an analysis of why it is an important film, and discuss it in terms of film as art. Your response should be more than a summary of the film.
   2: Imagine you had known Plato and Aristotle and you had a conversation about how we fall in love. Provide an overview of how Plato would explain falling in love, and then provide an overview of how Aristotle might explain falling in love.
   3: Compare and contrast the two poems below:

   1 LOVE’S INCONSISTENCY
   I find no peace, and all my war is done;
   I fear and hope, I burn and freeze likewise
   I fly above the wind, yet cannot rise;
   And nought I have, yet all the world I seize on;
   That looseth, nor locketh, holdeth me in prison, And holds me not, yet can I ’scape no wise;
   Nor lets me live, nor die, at my devise,
   And yet of death it giveth none occasion.
   Without eyes I see, and without tongue I plain;
   I wish to perish, yet I ask for health;
   I love another, and yet I hate myself;
   I feed in sorrow, and laugh in all my pain;
   Lo, thus displeaseth me both death and life,
   And my delight is causer of my grief.
   Petrarch

2. After great pain a formal feeling comes—
   The nerves sit ceremonious like tombs;
   The stiff Heart questions—was it He that bore?
   And yesterday—or centuries before?
   The feet mechanical go round
   A wooden way
   Of ground or air or ought
   Regardless grown,
   A quartz contentment like a stone.
   This is the hour of lead
   Remembered if outlived
   As freezing persons recollect
   The snow—
   First chill, then stupor, then
   The letting go
   Emily Dickinson

   4: Compare and contrast these two pieces of music:
   Beethoven’s Violin Romance No. 2Scott Joplin’s Maple Leaf Rag5: Explain in classical terms why a modern character is a hero. Choose from either Luke Skywalker, Indiana Jones, Bilbo Baggins, Harry Potter, Katniss Everdeen, or Ender Wiggins.

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 Peer 1

Jaimie Lester 

According to McGonigle and Mastrian (2019), big data is defined as “voluminous amounts of data sets that are difficult to process using typical data processing; huge amounts of semi structured and unconstructed data that are unwieldy to manage within relational databases,” (p. 632). In healthcare, we use data every day. It assists us in making decisions and analyzing information to effect policy or change. Big data has both benefits and challenges in healthcare.

Big data has many benefits. One of the potential benefits is that you can combine a large amount of information into one place. You can run reports. You can use the data to make institutional decisions. You can use the data to implement policy. One example of this is you can assess the fall rates of patient on a particular unit. You can also assess fall rate overall for the hospital. If you find one unit has a higher fall rate than others, you can look more into why this is occurring. Once you find a reason, you can develop a policy or procedure aimed at reducing the fall rates.

Big data also consists of challenges. One example is that data can’t explain or measure everything. According to an article by Thew (2016), data can not measure things like nurse competency or commitment. There isn’t a report that you can run to analyze those things. Another example would be evaluating patient commitment following treatment regimens (Thew, 2016).

Another challenge of big data is securing it. According to Gaur (2020), data integration is so complicated and takes so much time that organizations spend less time upfront to secure data. Data security is very important in healthcare. One way to resolve this issue is to realize this important upfront and to have this as a focus from the beginning. Organizations lose millions of dollars and become target of cyber attacks when data security is not sufficient (Gaur, 2020). It is important for organizations to recruit and hire informaticists that specialize in security.

References

Gaur, C. (2020, December 11). Top 6 big data challenges and solutions to overcome. XenonStack. Retrieved June 25, 2022, from https://www.xenonstack.com/insights/big-data-challenges

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2022). In Nursing Informatics and the foundation of knowledge (pp. 643–643). essay, Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Thew, J. (2016, April 19). Big data analytics: Understanding its capabilities and potential benefits for healthcare organizations. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 126(1), 3-13.

Peer 2

AYOMIKUN OLAIYA 

Big data typically refers to a large complex data set that yields substantially more information when analyzed as a fully integrated data set as compared to the outputs achieved with smaller sets of the same data that are not integrated. One main benefit of big data in a clinic is its ability to improve the patient’s experience. A potential challenge associated with it is the security issue, and the main strategy to mitigate the challenge is use of the current technology authentication, encryption, data masking and access control.

The potential benefit of using big data as part of a clinical system

The main benefit of using big data is that it improves the patients’ experience in terms of ensured healthiness to patients, cost reduction, error minimization, and enhanced preventive services. The healthiness of patients has been ensured via the use of vital signs monitoring applications. For example, we have apps that help diabetes patients to track insulin dosages, next appointments, etc. Cost reduction is ensured in that big data analysis can show the areas where reduction can be made, whether in diagnosis or treatment. Additionally, accurate and detailed data from big data enables providers to provide quality treatments in terms of accuracy (Svitla Team, 2018).

Potential challenge or risk of using big data as part of a clinical system

Big data is prone to bring security issues to clinical information. The most common security problem common globally is its vulnerability to fake data generation. Cybercriminals are known to deliberately invent and put in place counterfeit data into the system, which undermines the quality of the correct data. For example, when a clinical system uses sensor data to identify malfunctioning processes, the criminals could get into the system and make the sensor produce fake results such as wrong temperatures. This would cause the occurrence of damages in the clinic before they are identified. Additionally, we have the presence of untrusted mappers, absent security audits, and struggles of granular access control (Bekker).

Strategy to effectively mitigate the challenge

Security issues could be solved using the current technology, which entails authentication, encryption, data masking, and access control. Data masking, for example, entails where the sensitive data elements are masked with an unidentifiable value. Here we have the de-identification and masking of personal identifiers such as social security numbers, patients’ names, and birth dates, among others. this will put cybercriminals into confusion on which data to forge which reduces privacy loss issues. In access control, we have a situation where users can only access the data with the patient’s permission or trusted third parties. the ensures that the practitioners can only access only the information the patients wish them to know.

Reference

Bekker, A. (n.d.). Buried under big data: security issues, challenges, concerns.

Retrieved from ScienceSoft:  https://www.scnsoft.com/blog/big-data-security-challenges

Jennifer Thew. (2016, April 19), Big Data Means Big Potential, Challenges For Nurse Execs.

Retrieved from Health leader media.   https://www.healthleadersmedia.com/nursing/big-data-means-big-potential-challenges-nurse-execs

Svitla Team. (2018, September 13). Benefits of using Big Data in healthcare industry.

Retrieved from Svitla:  https://svitla.com/blog/benefits-of-using-big-data-in-healthcare-industry

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