List and explain areas/events what kind of data you need for online shopping sites like h&m and asos for decision making.

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List and explain areas/events what kind of data you need for online shopping sites like h&m and asos for decision making.

Explain the 7 types of decision making for your data such as:

1. Association Analysis: Identify how or what data would you need to provide SUPPORT

and CONFIDENCE for your rule. Explain, how you will calculate SUPPORT, CONFIDENCE

and LIFT. What DECISION would you take based on the values related to SUPPORT,

CONFIDENCE and LIFT

2. CLUSTER ANALYSIS: Identify if there is a possibility of creating a group/cluster in your

project  What criteria/data elements would you use to create clusters. How would you

create clusters (concepts only). How will clustering help you in your project? Explain in

terms of the concept of Heterogenous and Homogenous groups and effective use of the

clusters.

3. Decision Tree: Decision tree is used to show the effect of categorical input on

categorical output (mostly dichotomous/binary). What could be the categorical input

and output in your project? How would you measure the effectiveness of effect of the

input on output? Concept of Chi test and p-value  How would you measure the

reliability of this model in decision making? Does Decision Tree help you with decision

making?

4. Logistic Regression: Used when we need to show the effect of an input in

dichotomous/binary output  Identify the reason of using odds ratio. How would this be

different to what decision tree provides? Compare between logistic and decision tree,

which one would you prefer.

5. Neural Network: Used for any type of input or output. Specify the significance of its

ability to use multiple models in single model. How can Neural Network help with better

decision making for your online shopping site?

6. Text Mining: How do you collect unstructured data in your project? How would you

utilize text mining to better understand the data you may have for your project? How

important is it, in your project, to perform text mining and how would you explain its

importance? You need to explain with examples on why and how text analysis is helpful

in decision making.

7. Social Network Analysis: How would you use the concept of degree, betweenness and

closeness centrality to promote your online shopping? Does SNA have significance in

terms of decision making?

Pick what you think helps you most with decision making Of the 7 models/methods. Which

one(s) do you think will help you with decision making? List the models and if it hasn’t been

explained earlier, explain the reason for choosing them.

Research Paper Questions

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Research Paper Questions

TO:  All Students

Following are three alternate Research Paper questions.  You may write your paper on any one of the three.

0. Should “water boarding” be used as an interrogation technique? – The concern is effectiveness, limits, morality, etc.  Do not discuss current law on legality. 

1. Should the U.S. military be used for border security to help prevent illegal immigration?

2. Should martial law be declared in border towns (e.g., Laredo, Texas) where Mexican drug cartels pose a danger to U.S. citizens?

3. Did the DOJ and FBI abuse the FISA warrant process in the 2016 election cycle?

As applicable, your paper should include a review of state and federal law, the U.N. Charter and pronouncements, relevant Geneva Conventions, and other related international law and treaties.  You may use any other relevant sources, so long as the sources are academic in nature.  Wikipedia is not a valid primary academic source.  News media should be used sparingly.  Do not forget the ultimate question for this course, is what you propose legal?

Take a position, set it forth in your thesis, and support it with the sources you have found in your research.  Note that it matters not whether the Instructor may or may not agree with your position – do not presume what you think the instructor’s position might be – what matters is whether you have adequately supported it in a logical, rational manner with adequate research.  In other words, convince your Instructor that your position is correct.

If you would like to write a paper on a different topic, you most submit a written request to the Instructor.  If the Instructor preapproves your topic, you may submit a paper on that topic.  Requests must be submitted on the “Messages” link.   Such request should be submitted in the first week of this course.  

A few additional issues to remember:

· First, do not appeal to emotion.  This is not a sociology, philosophy, or religion course.  This is a law course.

· Second, follow the instructions provided on how to prepare and submit your paper.

· Third, while the primary concern is the subject matter addressed in your paper, be aware that spelling, punctuation, grammar, etc. are considered in grading.

Once more, review the instructions on the Research Paper which were previously provided.

If you are having any problems, please contact me.

Pete Kleff

Pierre A. Kleff, Jr., JD, MA

· Research Paper Instructions

TO:  All Students

It is important that you think of the Research Paper as an example of your ability to research a subject and not a test of how much you know about a subject.  In every case, a paper that ignores the wider narrative in favor of an in-depth study of an issue within the wider narrative is preferred.

To this end, you should include primary source material in your paper.  There is a significant amount of primary source material available to you through the Central Texas College library site.  The Internet provides a plethora of research material.

Your Research Paper should be not less than five (5) pages in length, spacing 1.5, and use Arial font 11.   Insert page numbers and center at bottom.   It is preferable to use footnotes, as opposed to endnotes.   It is not necessary to include a bibliography.   Sources referenced should be included in either the body or footnotes. Note: Wikipedia is not a valid primary or end source.

A sample research paper is attached.   See site menu at the left of your screen.   It is an example for you to emulate or follow.   Do not fret, it is a graduate level course paper.   Note: the Instructor will provide you the question. The thesis and content are your responsibility.  Follow the format in the sample paper.

There is no preference as to the writing style you use. Here are the three major academic writing styles:

· American Psychological Association (APA) Style: It is quite difficult to meet all the requirements.  Most Instructors do not particularly care for APA.  If you use it, however, be sure to follow the instructions above regarding footnotes, which is contrary to APA.

· Modern Language Association (MLA) Style: This style is not so strict comparing to APA or other styles. MLA is the most used style for academic writing.  It has its own citation and reference rules but in general you have a wide discretion.  Here you are to pay attention to spacing and formatting requirements.  In-text citations of this style are simple.  If you use this style, again follow the instructions above for footnotes.

· The Chicago Style: Another format style used mostly for topics on humanitarian sciences.  Here, unlike APA style, you use footnotes at the bottom of appropriate page.  In this course, no bibliographical page is required. Chicago style is preferred.

With regard to proper citations, here are some examples:

Miscamble, Wilson D., From Roosevelt to Truman: Potsdam, Hiroshima, and the Cold War (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 51.

Churchill, Winston, “The Sinews of Peace”, Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches 1897-1963 Volume VII: 1943-1949, ed. Rhodes James (New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1974), 7285-7293.

Quoted by Kreinin, Mordechai E., “The ‘Outer-Seven’ and European Integration,” American Economic Review 50 (June 1960), 371.

www.historiasiglo20.org/europetraroma.htm

Kreinin, op. cit., 370.

Citations for court cases are critical and must be correct. Here are some examples from your course:

Berlin Democratic Club v. Rumsfeld, 410 F.Supp.144 (1976)

Zweibon v. Mitchell, 720 F.2d 162 (1983)

Brown v. United States, 484 F.2d 418 (1973), cert. den. 415 U.S. 960 (1974)

Butenko v. United States, 392 U.S. 923 (1968)

As an aside, using the Instructor as a source, reference, or authority, while perhaps flattering to the Instructor, is discouraged. 

If you are having any problems, please contact me.

Pete Kleff

Pierre A. Kleff, Jr., JD, MA

Three Branches of Government/Separation of Powers 2023

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Three Branches of Government/Separation of Powers 2023

 

Course Learning Objective: Summarize the roles, powers, and operation of the three main branches of the U.S. federal government.

Overview: In this paper you will: (1) explain our three branches of government with a focus on the separation of powers and checks and balances; and (2) you will illustrate our three branches of government/separation of powers/checks and balances by providing examples for each of the three branches per the prompt below.
Detailed Instructions:
In the instructions below the (%) indicates percentage of your paper/score that should be spent on that part of the prompt.
In your paper –
1. (5%) Introduction – Your paper should provide a summary of your entire paper. I suggest that you draft this section after you have completed your paper.
2. (10 %) Summarize the roles, powers, and operation of the three main branches of government as well as the concepts of (a) separation powers and (b) checks and balances.
3. (about 78% ) (Spend the most time/effort/paper space on this part.)
(26%) Legislative Branch
What can you tell me about the legislative branch with respect to separation of powers and checks and balances? (The videos we watched in class regarding the Constitutional Convention and the Yosemite school might be useful here and for other parts of this paper).
Please include in your discussion:
Differences between House and Senate
An example of a veto override
An example of a fillibuster
An example of Senate approval of a treaty
An example of Senate approval of a presidential appointee
(26%) Executive Branch
What can you tell me about the executive branch with respect to separation of powers and checks and balances?
Please include in your discussion:
The presidency:
An example of the president urging Congress to pass a certain law
An example of a presidential veto (it can be the same veto as in the override example, above)
An example of an executive order
The bureaucracy – (You can use information you used for your “Rooting for You” assignment when we studied the bureaucracy here).
Describe how the executive department/agency you selected carries out laws
Tell me again about the regulation you selected for your assigment and the reason for the regulation.
(26%) Judicial Branch
What can you tell me about the judicial branch with respect to separation of powers and checks and balances?
Please include in your discussion:
Why is the judicial branch considered the “least dangerous branch”?
Is an impartial judiciary important to democracy?
Refer back to your “classroom discussion” in our judicial branch module – named very creatively as “Paper #2 Focus: The Judicial Branch.”
Give an overview of the U.S. Supreme Court decision you selected for that assignment and how the U.S. Supreme Court resolved the conflict.
How does the judicial branch’s role with this law/case reflect what we have learned regarding separation of powers/checks and balances?
4. (About 2 % of your paper) Looking at what you have discussed in your paper – How effective are the three branches of government set up by the Constitution in dealing with contemporary problems? For example, what are some ways that our system of government is effective in addressing these issues? What are some ways that our system of government is not effective in addressing these issues? Can you suggest a better way?
5. (About 5%) Conclusion – summarize and conclude your paper.
6. Additional Details:
Your task is to write a concise, thoughtful paper that critically analyzes the above questions/points. (You must answer all questions/address all points.)
The focus of this paper will be on the depth of your analysis and the application of the concepts we are learning in this class to this assignment. Please provide substantive analysis and give examples to support your claims. You may use the above headings (or similar) in your final draft of your paper, if desired.
Please be sure to review the paper rubric on the online assignment page.
You must use the course materials in your analysis. Your paper should contain at least three quotes to our textbook and/or class materials (PowerPoints/lectures/online module pages).
You should use Chicago Style, MLA, or APA source citations. Please see this link for more information: https://libguides.mjc.edu/citeyoursourcesLinks to an external site.
Again: Wikipedia and Ballotpedia may be a resource, but they should not be cited as sources in your paper. Always find and cite the actual source, instead. Use of Wikipedia or Ballotpedia as a cited source will result in a 10 point deduction in your grade.
**THE TEXTBOOK WE ARE USING IN THIS CLASS IS: KEEPING THE REPUBLIC, POWER AND CITIZENSHIP IN AMERICAN POLITICS, NINTH BRIEF EDITION

Evidenced-based Patient-centered Concept Map and Narrative

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Evidenced-based Patient-centered Concept Map and Narrative

I need this assignment revised based on the professor comments:
Criteria: Designs a patient-centered concept map, but the map is not well individualized to treat a specific patient’s health, economic, or cultural needs.
Faculty Comments:
You have a good start here but I don’t see all three areas (health, economic, and cultural needs) addressed. As you look at your diagnoses, consider how you can apply one to each of these areas. It may be helpful to put the area addressed in parentheses after each diagnosis to remind yourself to include assessment findings, interventions, and outcomes that relate to the area. Also, to be sure that your concept map is evidence-based, be sure to cite scholarly sources in your intervention areas.
CRITERION
Explain the value and relevance of the resources used as the basis for a patient-centered concept map.
Faculty Comments:
You have determined the relevance of the evidence as it is cited in your plan of care for Keith. To justify its value, you have to look at the evidence as it is categorized in the levels of evidence. Levels of evidence are ranked on a hierarchy and show that some evidence carries a higher value than others. This site may help.
https://libguides.winona.edu/ebptoolkit/Levels-Evidence
The easiest way to complete this area (and all of the other assessments with this criteria) is to create a table with 3 columns. In the first column, you will cite your source. In the second column, you will identify the level of evidence. In the third column, you will briefly discuss why this resource is relevant to your analysis and interventions.
To make the area distinguished, note how the evidence is specifically unique to this patient’s case and situation.
CRITERION
Apply strategies for communicating with the patient and their family in an ethical, culturally sensitive, and inclusive way.
Your result: Basic
Faculty Comments:
You have a good start to this area. You have identified the need to ensure that your communication is honest, open, and ethical (confidentiality). You have ensured that Keith is involved in the communication. How would you ensure that your communication is culturally sensitive, based on Keith’s culture?
To make the area distinguished, consider how you would help to make complex medical terms and concepts understandable to your patient and their family, regardless of language, abilities, or educational level.
Create a patient-centered concept map and write a 3-5 page narrative in which you explain the process and considerations that went into creating your concept map.
Introduction
Evidence-based practice is a key skill in the tool kit of the master’s-prepared nurse. Its goal is to ensure that health care practitioners are using the best available evidence to ensure that patients are receiving the best care possible (Godshall, 2020). In essence, evidence-based practice is all about ensuring quality care.
In this assessment, you will apply evidence-based practice and personalized care concepts to ensure quality care and improve the health of a single patient. The concept map that you will create is an example of a visual tool that you can use for patient and family education.
Reference
Godshall, M. (2020). Fast facts for evidence-based practice in nursing (3rd ed.). Springer Publishing Company.
Professional Context
Concept maps are widely used in nursing care. They can be effective tools for organizing workload, prioritizing patient care strategies, and developing personalized care approaches. In addition to organizing care, they can aid in ensuring that the patient’s care is individualized to not only their health conditions, but also their familial, cultural, and environmental situations.
Scenario
The purpose of a concept map is to visualize connections between ideas, connect new ideas to previous ideas, and to organize ideas logically. Concept maps can be an extremely useful tool to help organize and plan care decisions. By utilizing a concept map, a nurse can simplify the connection between disease pathways and emotional, cultural, socioeconomic, and personality considerations that impact a patient’s health.
—–////////
Original Instructions for the paper:
Develop a patient-centered concept map for a chosen condition. This could be a disease, or a disorder based upon the best available evidence that has been individualized to treat your patient’s health, economic, and cultural needs. Write a brief 3–5 page narrative that explains why the resources cited in the concept map and narrative are valuable and relevant. Describe how you incorporated the patient’s individual culture, identity, abilities, and beliefs into the plan of care. Also, be clear about your specific communication strategies for relating information to the patient and their family.
The bullet points below correspond to grading criteria in the scoring guide. Be sure that your map and narrative address all of the bullets below, at minimum.
Part 1: Concept Map
Visit Healthy People 2030’s Browse Objectives page and select a topic.
https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives
Design a patient-centered concept map based upon the best available evidence for treating a patient’s specific health, economic, and cultural needs.
Include objective and subjective assessment findings to support three nursing diagnoses.
Include interventions that will meet your patient’s individual needs.
Include measurable outcomes for each nursing diagnosis using SMART goals: (S)pecific, (M)easurable, (A)chievable, (R)elevant, and (T)ime-bound.
Part 2: Supporting the Concept Map
Analyze the needs of a patient, and those of their family, to ensure that the interventions in the concept map will be relevant and appropriate for their beliefs, values, and lifestyle.
Explain how you incorporated the patient’s individual culture, identity, abilities, and beliefs into the plan of care.
Consider how your patient’s economic situation and relevant environmental factors may have contributed to your patient’s current condition or could affect future health.
Consider how your patient’s culture or family should inform your concept map.
Apply strategies for communicating with the patient and their family in an ethical, culturally sensitive, and inclusive way.
Explain how you will communicate the proposed interventions and evaluation plan in an ethical, culturally sensitive, and inclusive way. Ensure that your strategies:
Promote honest communications.
Facilitate sharing only the information you are required and permitted to share.
Enable you to make complex medical terms and concepts understandable to your patient and their family regardless of language, abilities, or educational level.
Explain the value and relevance of the resources you used as the basis for your patient-centered concept map.
Explain why your evidence is valuable and relevant to your patient’s case.
Include a critique of the resources you used and specify the level of evidence.
Explain why each piece of evidence is appropriate for the health issue you are addressing and for the unique situation of your patient and the family.
Include how the evidence was used to plan your interventions.
Convey purpose of the assessment narrative in an appropriate tone and style, incorporating supporting evidence and adhering to organizational, professional, and scholarly communication standards.
Integrate relevant sources to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using APA style.
The suggested headings for your paper are:
Patient Needs Analysis.
Communication Strategies.
Value and Relevance of Resources.
Submission Requirements
Length of narrative: 3–5 double-spaced, typed pages. Your narrative should be succinct yet substantive.
Number of references: Cite a minimum of 3–5 sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your evaluation, recommendations, and plans. Current source material is defined as no older than five years unless it is a seminal work. Be sure you are citing evidence in both parts.
APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style.
Please submit both your concept map and your narrative as separate documents in the assessment submissions area.
You must submit both documents at the same time. Make sure both documents are attached before submitting your assessment.
BELOW ARE EXAMPLES OF WHAT THE CONCEPT MAP AND NARRATIVE SHOULD LOOK LIKE….

International trade evaluation

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International trade evaluation

Promoting international trade is not a zero-sum game. It is a win-win proposition; both parties gain from trade.

Consider the following:
Tariffs are paid by the citizens of the country imposing tariffs, not by the citizens of the country producing the products upon which the tariffs are levied.
The term “trade deficits” is a misnomer. Every country’s trade is always in balance.
Trade deficits do not mean the US no longer produces anything to export. The US is the world’s second largest manufacturer and the world’s second largest exporter of manufactured goods.
Trade deficits reflect a strong economy. Trade deficits rise during economic expansions and fall during economic contractions. Unemployment falls as trade deficits rise and rises as trade deficits fall.
Imports and exports are complements, not competitors. Both are necessary and both contribute to economic growth.
Roughly one-third of all US imports and exports is trade between US multinational companies and their overseas subsidiaries.
Foreign-owned companies operating in the US number in the thousands and provide directly or indirectly jobs for more than 13 million US workers (roughly, 10% of the US workforce).
US trade deficit in goods in 2018 (as a % of GDP) was the same as it was 5, 10 and 15 years earlier.
The rise in US goods trade deficit with China has not increased the US total goods trade deficit. It has been offset by reduced goods imports from other trading partners.
There is a strong correlation between the rise in world trade and:
The rise in world GDP
The dramatic fall in the world’s extreme poverty rate
The rise in world life expectancy
For every US manufacturing job lost to trade between 2000 and 2010, seven US jobs were lost to domestic productivity improvements. Those seven jobs cannot be brought back from overseas because they never left the US.
Write a 700- to 1,050-word evaluation of credible economists’ unbiased opinions on the benefits, costs, and results of current US trade and tariff policies. Complete the following in your evaluation:
Evaluate how US trade policy changes in the last 2 years affect global trade activities by multinational corporations.
Discuss credible economists’ opinions on the long-term effects of trade and tariff policies changes in the last 2 years.
Explain the effect recent changes to trade and tariff policies have had on your employer, you, or someone you know.

An Exploratory Assessment of Codependency in Student-Athletes

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An Exploratory Assessment of Codependency in Student-Athletes

An Exploratory Assessment of Codependency in-1-1.pdf

Two page summary
1.5 Space
Cover sheet and APA Version 7 Citation Required
Introduction – Brief statement about the purpose and significance
Content- nuts and bolts… what the video/article is about
Understanding…. your comprehension of the content
Reflection… your thoughts and views
Consider:
Quantitative or Qualitative
Purpose
Significance
Methods

mapping of the Five Process Groups

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Mapping of the Five Process Groups

Purpose

Module 4 offers students; 1) an introduction to the “Standard for Project Management”; 2) a reintroduction of “the Fundamentals”; and 3) a mapping of the Project Management Process Groups (and Process) vis-à-vis the Knowledge Areas. With an appraisal of the “Standard”; the “Fundamentals”; the process Groups; and the Knowledge Areas, the purpose of Module 4 discussion is to reinforce project management knowledge, and connect the foundational components of project management. From this discussion, students should be able to survey the “panoramic view”; the mapping and integration of the Process Groups (and Process) vis-à-vis the Knowledge Areas. A more intricate examination of the Process Groups (and Process) vis-à-vis the Knowledge Areas ensues subsequently in Modules 5, 6, and 7.
The assigned readings for Module 4 are PMBOK Part 2 (Section I: Standard for Project Management Introduction pp 422-434). Pay special attention to Table 1-1, pp. 432. There is also one assigned video, and supplemental videos
Instructions
After mapping out the Process Groups vis-a-vis the management Knowledge Areas, the subsequent modules, Modules 5-7, examine the integration between EACH Process Group (and Process) and the management Knowledge Areas.
PMBOK Part II 422-434, the assigned, and supplementary videos will be used to guide Module 4 Discussion
Task(s)
In three paragraphs this discussion will be presented following these tasks:
Task One (Chapter Summary)
Present a summary including the general key points of the assigned video………………
Task Two (“Key Points to Remember”)
Select, and further examine ONE “Key takeaway” of the assigned video. Your discussion must interrogate, and expand on the selected “key take away”. Referencing the supplementary videos is required. Referencing other external sources/research to help bolster your understanding of the “key takeaway” is highly encouraged.
Task Three (PMBOK Cross-Referencing)
Cross reference your selected “Key takeaway” to the corresponding PMBOK chapter. A) How does PMBOK Part 2 help bolster your understanding of the Process Groups and the management Knowledge Areas. B) Specifically, which components of PMBOK Part II do you find most helpful, and why?

Applied Ethics Mini Case Study: Corporate Social Responsibility Assignment

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Applied Ethics Mini Case Study: Corporate Social Responsibility Assignment

Write your mini case studies in APA format with a title page and a reference list page. Include APA citations in the text and a reference list at the end as appropriate. Each paper should cite at least three references from the textbook readings, article(s), and/or video presentations. Other references may be researched and utilized also, and they would be in addition to the minimum of

three references from the assigned readings.Write your mini case studies in APA format with a title page and a reference list page. Include APA citations in the text and a reference list at the end as appropriate. Each paper should cite at least three references from the textbook readings, article(s), and/or video presentations. Other references may be researched and utilized also, and they would be in addition to the minimum of three references from the assigned readings.Write your mini case studies in APA format with a title page and a reference list page. Include APA citations in the text and a reference list at the end as appropriate. Each paper should cite at least three references from the textbook readings, article(s), and/or video presentations. Other references may be researched and utilized also, and they would be in addition to the minimum of three references from the assigned readings.Write your mini case studies in APA format with a title page and a reference list page. Include APA citations in the text and a reference list at the end as appropriate. Each paper should cite at least three references from the textbook readings, article(s), and/or video presentations. Other references may be researched and utilized also, and they would be in addition to the minimum of three references from the assigned readings.
***Theme: Corporate Social Responsibility in Aviation
For this mini case study, refer to the textbook readings and the articles:
     Dallas Willard: The Business of Business: https://dwillard.org/articles/business-of-business-thehttps://dwillard.org/articles/business-of-business-the
     Milton Friedman: Cultural Social Responsibility; A Friedman doctrine–: The Social Responsibility Of Business Is to Increase Its Profits
     Ferrara: Friedman’s Take on Corporate Social Responsibility is Brilliant and Elegant—But Obsolete: https://merionwest.com/2018/06/30/friedmans-take-on-corporate-social-responsibility-is-brilliant-and-elegant-but-obsolete/https://merionwest.com/2018/06/30/friedmans-take-on-corporate-social-responsibility-is-brilliant-and-elegant-but-obsolete/
     Stanford and Homan: A Model of Applied Ethics in Aviation Safety: The Aviation Safety Reporting System.: https://commons.erau.edu/jaaer/vol9/iss1/1/https://commons.erau.edu/jaaer/vol9/iss1/1/
     Also read 1 Kings 12:1-24, the story of King Rehoboam and Baugus: Entrepreneurship in
the Bible (https://tifwe.org/entrepreneurship-in-the-bible/).
Case situation: The aviation safety reporting system as a model of applied ethics.
Using the Cultural Relativism Ethics System and/or the Ethical Egoism Ethics System as
framework(s), provide 1) your critical analysis and thoughts on what motivates leaders of
corporations to do what they do, and 2) your critical analysis and thoughts on the ethics of not
reporting mistakes in a work profession. Derive practical lessons from your case study analysis***

Machine learning based Customer Segmentation

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Machine learning based Customer Segmentation

Introduction

Since it is easy for customers to watch videos and live streaming programs in mobile phones, several customers are making use of huge amount of data with the support of faster means of 4G network system. Moreover, the huge collection of diverse apps in mobile phones also consume a big space of the memory. Because of this, the data service providers also increase for mobile providers [9]. In addition, as more apps for iOS and Android devices are advanced, new customers download new apps and use them, which in advance increases their data usage [1]. As of increasing mobile data prices, huge numbers of subscriber’s churn from one provider to a different one in pursuit of enhanced taxes. They too churn providers to obtain assistances for validating up with a new carrier, such as receiving a free or deeply discounted phone [10]. In addition, the lower signup fees associated with prepaid mobile services also encourages customers to churn.

“The ability of mobile customers to keep their existing mobile numbers through the Wireless local number portability (WLNP) reduces barriers to churning within the industry, which is a major problem for companies in the telecommunications industry [2]. Because of the likelihood of customers to change providers, the deals that telecommunication companies offer may differ based on the needs of individual customers and their wiliness to pay for particular services. ID Mobile Ireland are the company that is the basis for the work performed in this paper. They are a start-up telecommunications provider in the Republic of Ireland. The company differentiates itself in the competitive Irish market by separating the mobile tariff from the handset [7]. This allows customers the flexibility to enter or leave a 12, 18 or 24-month contract without penalty, and purchase a new handset every three months, should they wish to do so once the previous handset cost is fully paid off”.

Additionally, as the customer is not tied down into an extended contract where the cost of the phone is subsidized by the tariff price, customers may change their tariff call, text and data allowances every month, to suit their individual needs, allowing them more control over their account charges. They could, for example, increase their call minutes bundle amount for the month of December should they envisage making more calls during this peak holiday period. The company has access to a wide range of data, with the prospect to capture even more data, growing at a rapid rate. The data that the company can access are currently not being used to their full potential as a means of understanding the customers that are served, their sale patterns, the potential fraud risks, and churn patterns [8]. In this paper, the goal is to collect, clean, categorize, and gain insight from a large dataset spanning 16 months of Bill Pay customer account data that contains 26717 rows and 86 columns of attributes. The data also contain an additional 11 columns comprised of formula derived values or classes used to categorize the data. The primary aim of this effort is to better meet customer needs, improve customer satisfaction, developing customer loyalty to the brand as a means of improving customer retention.

“The initial step in carrying out this effort was to acquire the relevant data to generate the various reports, using the attributes available, and to cross check the results in the production customer care system as a means of confirming the accuracy of the data. This verification step proved to be very important because as several tables of data where combined, erroneous results occurred [4]. This meant that separate reports had to be created because all of the data could not be in one report due to the database tables not containing the required logic to be joined together or the report data outputted exceeding the current maximum capable by the system, which was 70,000 cells of data”.

Literature Review

The variables that are generally used for market segmentation are Demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics of the customers. A very useful technique for behavioral-based data mining method in the RFM analysis, which involves the extraction of customer profiles by using a few criteria, which reduces the complexity of analysis [5]. “In RFM analysis, customer data are classified by Recency (R), Frequency (F) and Monetary (M) variables. It has been noted that RFM enables the practitioners to observe customer behavior, as well as to segment customers in order to determine immediate customer value [5]. It should also be noted that using decision rules algorithms for the purpose of customer segmentation may result in an efficient evaluation of a segmentation plan [3]. Decision trees can be identified into sets of if-then rules, which means that they can be used to solve a variety of problems, such as customer segmentation and customer churn prediction. In fact, many researchers have used this method to study customer segmentation”.

A customer satisfaction survey can be used to construct a customer segmentation system based on demographic variables and even customer reviews [1]. Researchers have provided ideas about modelling customer satisfaction using unstructured data with a Bayesian approach. They explain that the transformation of unstructured data taken from customer’s reviews into a semi-structured form associated with each aspect reflecting the frequency counts for positive, negative, and neutral sentiments. One assumption of this model is that the rating of each aspect is based on a particular combination of the positive, neutral, and negative sentiments of that particular aspect. The result is that the overall aspect rating depends upon how many times an aspect has been associated with positive, neutral and negative sentiments in a single customer review. Furthermore, there is also an overall rating that is assigned to each review by the contributor [6].

Research Methodology

The following project is based on identifying potential customers for a particular product. This project will be implemented using the python programming language. For machine learning techniques we will use K-means clustering with ANFIS. The algorithm used for the project is very essential. Segmentation is the process of dividing customers into various groups for targeted selling. This data analytics project can help sellers a lot in many ways. The sellers can know about the customer’s mentality hence increasing the market for the sellers. The algorithm is custom developed for the features trained and the data management is managed through SQL.

A. K-Means Clustering

“K-means clustering algorithm is one of the clustering algorithms based on division. It adopts a heuristic iterative process to re-divide data objects and re-update cluster centers. The basic idea of the algorithm is: suppose a set with element objects and the number of clusters to be generated [2]. In the first round, a sample element is randomly selected as the initial cluster center [6], and the distance between other sample elements and the center point is analyzed the clusters are respectively divided according to the distance. In each of the following rounds, the iterative operation of the above steps is continuously performed, and the average value of the element objects obtained this time is taken as the center point of the next round of clustering until the condition that the clustering center point no longer changes in the iteration process is met. The specific processing steps are as follows”:

Text Description automatically generated

Fig. 1 K-Means Algorithm

B. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)

“Fuzzy logic and neural network are widely used in prediction problems. ANFIS is a useful technique based on fuzzy logic and neural network approaches [27]. It takes the advantages of both fuzzy set theory in applying rule-based systems and neural networks in automatic learning from data. A fuzzy inference system in the ANFIS technique consists of if–then rules, membership functions, inference mechanism (called fuzzy reasoning), and couples of input–output. In Figure 2, a structure of a fuzzy inference system is presented. As seen from this figure, in the first step, the inputs are fuzzified to produce their degrees of truth. In the second step, the degree of truth of the consequents is obtained by combining this information through inference rules. In the last step, final output is obtained by defuzzification”.

Diagram Description automatically generated with medium confidence

Fig. 2 A structure of a fuzzy inference system for revealing customer satisfaction

References

1. Dullaghan, C., & Rozaki, E. (2017). Integration of machine learning techniques to evaluate dynamic customer segmentation analysis for mobile customers. arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.02215.

2. Ezenkwu, C. P., Ozuomba, S., & Kalu, C. (2015). Application of K-Means algorithm for efficient customer segmentation: a strategy for targeted customer services.

3. Smeureanu, I., Ruxanda, G., & Badea, L. M. (2013). Customer segmentation in private banking sector using machine learning techniques.

4. Monil, P., Darshan, P., Jecky, R., Vimarsh, C., & Bhatt, B. R. (2020). Customer Segmentation Using Machine Learning. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 8(6), 2104-2108.

5. Kansal, T., Bahuguna, S., Singh, V., & Choudhury, T. (2018, December). Customer segmentation using K-means clustering. In 2018 international conference on computational techniques, electronics and mechanical systems (CTEMS) (pp. 135-139). IEEE.

6. Hiziroglu, A. (2013). Soft computing applications in customer segmentation: State-of-art review and critique. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(16), 6491-6507.

7. Tsiptsis, K. K., & Chorianopoulos, A. (2011). Data mining techniques in CRM: inside customer segmentation. John Wiley & Sons.

8. Hung, P. D., Lien, N. T. T., & Ngoc, N. D. (2019, March). Customer segmentation using hierarchical agglomerative clustering. In Proceedings of the 2019 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Systems (pp. 33-37).

9. Ozan, Ş. (2018, September). A case study on customer segmentation by using machine learning methods. In 2018 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Data Processing (IDAP) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

10. Wu, S., Yau, W. C., Ong, T. S., & Chong, S. C. (2021). Integrated churn prediction and customer segmentation framework for telco business. IEEE Access, 9, 62118-62136.

 

 

 

1

Saudi Oil Reserves and their Financial Outlook

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I want a project report on “Saudi Oil Reserves and their Financial Outlook”
The report should be consist of three folder:

  1. 1.The first folder is our entire report in world file (20 Pages Double Space)
  2. 2.The second folder is only data and calculations that use of report
  3. 3.The third folder is about bringing the previous research that depend on our report (minimum 7 research)

The due date is 20 of May.