Needs Analysis: Economic Health Issues

Miatta Teasley

Capella University

NHS-FPX6008

Economics and Decision Making in Health Care

Professor Georgena Wiley

February 23, 2023

Social Determinants of Health

The economic issue this assignment is exploring is poverty. Poverty significantly affects healthcare outcomes globally. According to one of the data released recently, it was shown that close to 9% of the world’s population lives in poverty (Development Initiatives, 2021). The number of poor people is unequally distributed, with some continents having more poor residents than others. In the United States, the number of African Americans and White Hispanics living in poverty is higher than non-Hispanic Whites living in poverty. The global poverty prevalence is attributable to myriad factors, including political instability, marginalization, unequal representation of subordinate groups and poor leadership.

Poverty significantly impacts workplaces and communities. I have had first-hand experience with low-income families in my organization. Most low-income families cannot access quality treatment and will always rush for the cheapest care. In some instances, organizations may prioritize people who can pay hefty money in exchange for services for poor people in a quagmire. Moreover, data from the organization show that people with low incomes have higher mental illness rates than the general population. With these issues at hand, organizations should develop ways of accommodating people with poor income sources. For instance, such organizations can work with charity goods to offer medical assistance to impoverished communities instead of only focusing on patients who can afford care.

I selected to focus on poverty because of my first-hand experience of how low-income families struggle to access health and live quality life within the US and globally. I have heard the privilege of travelling to different places and interacting with diverse communities, and all I can say is that poverty has significantly contributed to poor health outcomes for many people. Not only does poverty affects access to healthcare, but it also triggers mental illnesses such as depression and stress. Secondly, I choose poverty because I grew up in one of the poorest communities and experienced the struggles of poor people as they sought to live a quality life. Part of my motivation for this profession was informed by the struggles I witnessed, and I would want a society anchored on economic equality. Lastly, solving the issue of poverty can also address other social health determinants, such as poor housing and low literacy levels.

There are disparities in how poverty affects different groups. Data from a survey conducted between 1996- 2017 showed that the rate of deep and extreme poverty in the United States had increased significantly. One factor that influences health patterns is family, with childless couples at a higher risk of poverty than couples with children (Brady & Parolin, 2020). Researchers noted that childless families were not entitled to benefits given to families with children. Ethnic group and race are other significant factors influencing disparities related to poverty. More African Americans live in poverty than White Americans in the United States. This disparity can be linked to years of racial discrimination resulting in systemic disadvantages.

Scholarly evidence shows that poverty has detrimental effects; thus, the issue needs to be resolved by all stakeholders. One of the downsides of deprivation is that it results in poor child development (Chaudry & Wimer, 2016). Poor childhood development outcomes are primarily cognitive and educational and emerge from the struggles children experience daily. Other sources of poor development outcomes are parental stress, financial constraints and the environment they get exposed to during their upbringing (Chaudry & Wimer, 2016). Therefore, solving poverty in communities can support children’s development.

Another outcome associated with poverty and which highlights the urgency needed to solve the economic issue, is life expectancy. High poverty levels result in lower expectancy rates. In the United States, African Americans have the highest poverty levels and lowest life expectancy rates (Singh et al., 2018). Further, the life expectancy rate is low in rural areas where poverty rates are high. While the infant mortality rate in the United States has significantly reduced over the years, it has widened among various racial groups, with African Americans at the receiving end (Singh, PhD et al., 2018). Due to high poverty prevalence among blacks, infant mortality rates stand at 11.4 children per 1000 live births and 4.9 children per 1000 live births among non-Hispanic Whites. Lastly, poverty affects health status and access to quality care among populations. With employment concentrated among the dominant races, those at the periphery continuously suffer; thus, solutions must be developed.

Several initiatives have been implemented to solve the issue of poverty with varying degrees of success. My potential change proposal is establishing a unique Fund that lends money to impoverished people. Before lending the money, the beneficiaries should receive entrepreneurship skills so that once they get the money from the Fund; they can start economic activities that will alleviate them from poverty. The money should be refundable after a reasonable period, and no interest should be charged. One of the outcomes is that low-income families will have more access to health once they are empowered economically through the Fund. Other outcomes will be improved mental health, reduced infant mortality rates, better housing conditions and high illiteracy levels.

References

Brady, D., & Parolin, Z. (2020). The levels and trends in deep and extreme poverty in the United States, 1993–2016. Demography, 57(6), 2337–2360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-020-00924-1

Chaudry, A., & Wimer, C. (2016). Poverty is not just an indicator: The relationship between income, poverty, and child well-being. Academic Pediatrics, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2015.12.010

Poverty trends: Global, regional and national. Development Initiatives. (2021, November 10). Retrieved February 17, 2023, from https://devinit.org/resources/poverty-trends-global-regional-and-national/#:~:text=In%202021%20an%20estimated%20698,live%20below%20%245.50%20a%20day

Singh, PhD, G. K., Daus, MA, G. P., Allender, MS, BSN, RN, M., Ramey, MBA, BSN, RN, C. T., Martin, Jr., MPH, E. K., Perry, MPH, C., De Los Reyes, A., & Vedamuthu, MPH, I. P. (2018). Social Determinants of Health in the United States: Addressing major health inequality trends for the nation, 1935-2016. International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA), 6(2), 139–164. https://doi.org/10.21106/ijma.236

1700 word minimum 4 scholarly sources APA format

Division of Nursing

Research Article Critique (BIB CARD)

Guidelines:

The article critique is a summary of a full text nursing research article from a referenced professional journal on a selected nursing topic RELATED TO MATERNAL & CHILDBEARING NURSING CARE. The research article must have been published within the past 5 years. Article critiques that are from non-professional journals and/or do not meet the criteria listed below will not be graded and will automatically clinical grade of Unsatisfactory. Your article must be a research article.

►Choose any health care related topic RELATED TO Pediataric Health & Nursing

►Remember, you may access the library & search for articles via www.dscc.edu

►APA Guidelines: www.apastyle.org

Article Critique Guidelines/See also Rubric posted in eLearn

· You are required to complete one (1) article critique during the semester.

· Documentation of References is to be done according to APA format.

· DO NOT use articles from dictionaries (such as Gale Encyclopedia), newspapers, general public or lay magazines, or web sites.

· DO NOT use editorials, opinions, or nursing perspectives.

· The article must be from medical and/or nursing journals AND be actual RESEARCH.

· The critique must be 2 pages typed not including title page or reference page & submitted via drop box for each clinical course.

· The research article must be referenced within the paper & listed on the reference page.

· Title Page

· Body of the critique/summary of article

· How this information impacts nursing practice

· Reference Page – must be in APA format

· Include the DOI on all references if possible

WAYS to IDENTIFY a RESEARCH Article from other articles ::::

1. The article will have an abstract & Review of literature (most research does)

2. The research article will contain headings such as :Abstract, Introduction, Methods/Study Design , Sample, Results , & Discussion.

References: (Example)

Journal or periodical:

Klimoski, K.J., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organizations.

Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), pp. 10-26.

Journal article retrieved from the internet:

VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of

resources by psychology undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-

123. Retrieved from http://web5.infotrac.galegroup.com

INITIAL POST: Be sure to number/label your responses accordingly.

• In your own words and drawing from the article, answer the following questions- be sure to fully discuss your responses:
  1. What are the similarities and differences between chimps and humans?
  2. How much of our DNA differs from chimps? How do these differences come about?
  3. What is the structure of DNA? How much of this material is different between chimps and humans, given the 2% overall difference between us?
  4. How are chimp and human brains similar and how are they different?
  5. What is shocking about the “2% solution”?

https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/the-2-difference

Teaching Project Guidelines

· Purpose: The purpose of the patient/family teaching project is to develop and implement a teaching plan for a geriatric patient utilizing teaching learning principles.

· Objectives: By the conclusion of the presentation, the students will be able to:

· State the various indications for a specified diet

· Explain the scientific rationale for a prescribed diet

· Describe food/fluid restrictions appropriate for diet or food/fluids encouraged to meet nutritional needs?

· Describe how to present a short nutritional teaching plan to a patient& family with cultural differences.

· Apply current research related to the nutrition topic.

· Requirements:

· Utilize teaching experience rubric for essential criteria.

· The paper should be between 3-5 pages (not including title page and references).

· The paper must be typed and conform to APA format.

· A minimum of two references are required.

· Written paper is due during the 7th week on the assigned clinical day.

Nutritional Guidelines

The student will be assigned one therapeutic diet from the following list.

1. Diabetic diet

2. Fat restricted and cholesterol restricted

3. Enteral nutrition

4. Sodium restricted

5. Total parental nutrition

6. Modified fiber and bland diets

7. Full and clear liquid diets

8. Nutrition in wasting diseases

9. Modified calcium and potassium diets

10. Dysphagic diet

11. Protein restricted diet

12. Anticoagulant diet

13. Follow the teaching/nutrition project evaluation tool criteria.