College of Doctoral Studies

Grand Canyon University

College of Doctoral Studies

Ten Strategic Points: QUANTITATIVE

Aligns with new v9.0 Template

 

Please find below an updated copy of the 10 strategic points that is focused on a quantitative study. This copy includes tips in the right-hand column to guide you as you develop your 10 strategic points. Delete the bulleted items in the right column as you add your own information there.

 

QUANTITATIVE STUDY Ten Strategic Points

The ten strategic points emerge from researching literature on a topic, which is based on, or aligned with a defined need or problem space within the literature as well as the learner’s personal passion, future career purpose, and degree area. The Ten Strategic Points document includes the following key points that define the research focus and approach:

Strategic Points DescriptorLearner Strategic Points for Proposed Study
1.Dissertation Topic– Provides a broad research topic area/title.Topic comes out of problem space supported by the literature, not the learner’s head or personal agenda

Aligned to the learners’ program of study, and ideally the emphasis area

Researchable and feasible to complete within the learners’ doctoral program of study including extension courses as needed.

Focused

2.Literature Review – Lists primary points for four sections in the Literature Review: (a) Background of the problem and the need for the study based on citations from the literature; (b) Theoretical foundations (theories ,models, and concepts) and if appropriate the conceptual framework to provide the foundation for study); (c) Review of literature topics with key themes for each one; (d) Summary.· Background to the problem

· Literature is predominantly from past 5 years

· Historical treatment of problem being studied

· Clearly defines a stated need

· Theoretical foundation

· Theories, models, or concepts and if appropriate the conceptual framework are described to guide the research and the data collection

· Review of literature topics

· Relevant to the topic

· Demonstrates breadth of knowledge

3.Problem Statement – Describes the problem to address through the study based on defined needs or problem space supported by the literature· Statement is structured appropriate for the design

· Researchable

· Quantitative: Researchable variables to be better understood

4.Sample and Location – Identifies sample, needed sample size, and location.· Size is appropriate for design

· Likely to be able to access it/get permission

· Identify alternative to their organization (associations, community orgs, research companies, snowball sampling, etc.)

5.Research Questions – Provides research questions to collect data to address the problem statement.· Appropriate for the design

· Resulting data will address the problem statement

· Minimum of 2

6.Hypothesis/Variables – Data sources are valid; variables are clearly defined and measurable (quantitative)· Quantitative: Data sources are valid; variables are clearly defined and measurable

·

7.Methodology and Design – Describes the selected methodology and specific research design to address the problem statement and research questions.· Methodology and design sections

· Appropriate for problem statement

· Justifies the methodology or design using problem statement and citations

· Methodology does not discuss design, instrument, data collection

Design does not discuss instrument, data collection, data analysis

8.Purpose Statement – Provides one sentence statement of purpose including the problem statement, methodology, design, target population, and location.· Purpose statement = Methodology + design + problem statement + sample + location

·

9.Data Collection – Describes primary instruments and sources of data to answer research questions.· Quantitative: Validated/previously used instrument or data source clearly identified for each variable; demographic variables identified and appropriate to the study. Comment by GCU: In quantitative studies various demographics can be variables. One might compare transformational leadership behaviors for males and females or different management levels within an organization or between different age groups. Or demographic variables might be one of the predictor variables in a hierarchical regression

· Describes sample; various permissions needed; recruiting and select final sample; data collection steps; how data will be stored, security maintained, privacy maintained

10.Data Analysis – Describes the specific data analysis approaches to be used to address research questions.· Quantitative: Include testing assumptions; descriptive statistics; specific inferential statistics appropriate for design and type of variables; appropriate for hypotheses

· Data analysis approach aligned to the design/variables/RQs & hypotheses

 

 

2 Quantitative 10 Strategic Points, v. 9.0 August 10, 2020

Acute kidney injury; Challenges and opportunities

(1) Read ” Acute kidney injury; Challenges and opportunities” article then the two additional articles “Acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery” and “Optimal blood pressure decreases kidney injury after gastrointestinal surgery”).

(2) After you’ve read the 3 articles (attached) provide summation of at least 500 words. Include all 3 references. Use APA format throughout the document.

Healthcare professionals working in clinical practice, education, research, and administration are often witness to unethical behaviors. 

1) Healthcare professionals working in clinical practice, education, research, and administration are often witness to unethical behaviors. For your initial discussion post, develop a hypothetical conflict scenario involving a nurse working in an advanced role (nurse executive, nurse educator, or family nurse practitioner). The created scenario must place the nurse in a situation involving conflict specific to unethical behaviors.

2) To complete this discussion, review the hypothetical scenarios posted by your peers. Choose two peer case scenarios and discuss how the nurse involved in the scenario might approach the conflict described. Use evidence from your readings or from a credible source to support your answer. Be sure to discuss potential ethical concerns, possible barriers to resolution, and any professional or organizational constraints that may be involved.

Post a brief explanation of three important components of the psychiatric interview and why you consider these elements important.

Post a brief explanation of three important components of the psychiatric interview and why you consider these elements important. Explain the psychometric properties of the rating scale you were assigned(NICH Vanderbilt Assessment Scale). Explain when it is appropriate to use this rating scale with clients during the psychiatric interview and how the scale is helpful to a nurse practitioner’s psychiatric assessment. Support your approach with evidence-based literature, and a minimum od three references.

PLAN DE ENSEÑANZA

PLAN DE ENSEÑANZA

 

Learning objectivesContent of the educational talkEducational StrategiesAssessment
 I. Introduction

 

 

 

Charla 
C1. Define what we call drowning in the poolB- Reason for the conference.

.

 

 

Charla¿ Can someone define what drowning in the pool is?
 C- Conference Need.

 

 

Charla 
 D. Definition of terms

 

Charla 
 

 

C2. Explain risk factors that negatively affect children

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

C3. What are the types of drowning that exist?.

 

 

 

 

 

 

D. Mention clinical manifestations in general

 

 

 

 

 

E. Identify some nursing interventions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I. Developments

 

A1- Risk factor’s

 

 

 

 

 

2. Drowning in a swimming pool can obtain the following characteristics

 

 

 

 

 

General clinical manifestations:

 

 

Diagnostic methods:

 

Como de comienzo con cada paciente debemos cumplir con el proceso de

enfermeria comenzando con el estimado. Conociendo cuales son los signos y

sintomas que la pacientes indica y presenta. A la misma vez que se realizan las

intervenciones se debe brindal apoyo psicologico. El apuso sexual no solo causa

daño fisico, el mayor daño es los problemas psicologicos que va a tener esta

paciente, si no son tratados justamente en el momento que ella llega a una sala de

emergencia o lo expresa a un familiar. El profesional de enfermería debe lograr

ganarse la confianza de la paciente para que ella se sienta en una ambiente seguro y

pueda expresar lo que siente y se le puedan brindar aquellas herramientas necesarias

según el estado de salud que se encuentr

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Nursing interventions:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Summary

Charla 

What are the risk factors that negatively affect these patients?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

¿ What are the types of drowning that exist?

 

 

 

¿ What clinical manifestations are evident in these patients?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mention any of the nursing interventions?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

  
  

 

 

 

 

 

Cierre de la actividad:

 

 

 

 

 

Material Visual:

Link del video:

https://youtu.be/aBDS4kMVeUU

Imagen sobre el tema:

 

 

 

  

Nurses are very much knowledge workers

The term “knowledge worker” was first coined by management consultant and author Peter Drucker in his book, The Landmarks of Tomorrow (1959). Drucker defined knowledge workers as high-level workers who apply theoretical and analytical knowledge, acquired through formal training, to develop products and services. Does this sound familiar?

Nurses are very much knowledge workers. What has changed since Drucker’s time are the ways that knowledge can be acquired. The volume of data that can now be generated and the tools used to access this data have evolved significantly in recent years and helped healthcare professionals (among many others) to assume the role of knowledge worker in new and powerful ways.

In this Assignment, you will consider the evolving role of the nurse leader and how this evolution has led nurse leaders to assume the role of knowledge worker. You will prepare a PowerPoint presentation with an infographic (graphic that visually represents information, data, or knowledge. Infographics are intended to present information quickly and clearly.) to educate others on the role of nurse as knowledge worker.

Reference: Drucker, P. (1959). The landmarks of tomorrow. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.

 

To Prepare:

  • Review the concepts of informatics as presented in the Resources.
  • Reflect on the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
  • Consider how knowledge may be informed by data that is collected/accessed.

The Assignment:

  • Explain the concept of a knowledge worker.
  • Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
  • Include one slide that visually represents the role of a nurse leader as knowledge worker.
  • Your PowerPoint should Include the hypothetical scenario you originally shared in the Discussion Forum. Include your examination of the data that you could use, how the data might be accessed/collected, and what knowledge might be derived from that data. Be sure to incorporate feedback received from your colleagues’ responses.

 

Required Readings

  • McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2022). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (5th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
    • Chapter 1, “Nursing Science and the Foundation of Knowledge” (pp. 7–17)
    • Chapter 2, “Introduction to Information, Information Science, and Information Systems” (pp. 21–32)
    • Chapter 3, “Computer Science and the Foundation of Knowledge Model” (pp. 35–64)
  • Nagle, L., Sermeus, W., & Junger, A. (2017).  Evolving Role of the Nursing Informatics SpecialistLinks to an external site.. In J. Murphy, W. Goosen, &  P. Weber  (Eds.), Forecasting Competencies for Nurses in the Future of Connected Health (212-221). Clifton, VA: IMIA and IOS Press. Retrieved from https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_4A0FEA56B8CB.P001/REF
  • Sweeney, J. (2017). Healthcare informaticsLinks to an external site.Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 21(1).

As you continue reflecting back on your journey the past eight weeks in N705, what was helpful to your learning and what hindered your learning?

As you continue reflecting back on your journey the past eight weeks in N705, what was helpful to your learning and what hindered your learning?  What are some ways I could have further supported you in the process as your professor?  What would be your parting advice to future N705 students?

At least 150 words with at least 1 scholarly article reference within the past 5 years.

Cystic Fibrosis

The role genetics plays in the disease.

Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disease characterized by hypochloremia and autosomal recessive inheritance tendencies. CF occurs in 1 in 2500 births, and 1 out of 25 whites carry one copy of the specific gene that causes cystic Fibrosis. When one of 2 or more alternative forms of a gene in the DNA sequence is at a genomic location with embryos inheriting two alleles, one from each parent, the individual is homozygous (having identical genome markers found at the same place on the chromosome). . (McCance & Huether, 2019

Homozygous individuals must have a recessive allele to deliver the disease. (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2023) These genes or alleles are classified as normal, wild-type, abnormal, or mutant. If the allele is different, defined as heterozygous, or has two versions of the genomic marker. (Dutra, Ph.D., 2023) The CF gene encodes a protein product that forms chloride channels in the membranes of specialized epithelial cells.
Defective transport of chloride ions leads to a salt imbalance, resulting in secretions of abnormally thick, dehydrated mucus. Some digestive organs, particularly the pancreas, become obstructed, causing malnutrition, and the lungs become clogged with mucus making them highly susceptible to bacterial infections (Pseudomonas). With the progression of the disease, lung disease and heart failure develop, and by age 40, death is expected. Consanguinity or two individuals from the same bloodline (second cousins or closer) becoming pregnant with both carrying the same recessive genes,  contributing to the inheritance of CF. (Dutra, Ph.D., 2023, Chapter four)

Why is the patient presenting with the specific symptoms described?

The symptoms: of crying after eating, not gaining weight, having a swollen belly, and skin that tastes like salt are consistent with CF. Presenting due to the baby’s disease progresses. Newborns can and may be asymptomatic, and with age, symptoms develop. CF affects the pancreas and liver, resulting in pancreatic insufficiency leading to malabsorption and malnutrition. Babies with CF can be born with intestinal obstruction (Meconium ileus). The baby is eating, but his body is not metabolizing the nutrients from his food. The baby cannot digest the food, so the food does not move through the GI tract resulting in abdominal swelling. The baby cries after he eats due to the discomfort and pain accompanying his stomach filling and the food being unable to move through the GI tract. Other symptoms reported are swelling in the rectum that can create an intestinal blockage and an inflated colon. (Egan MD et al., n.d.) As a mutated gene, the CFTR modifies the protein that helps transport sodium across the cell membrane. This action results in losing more sodium through sweating and affects how sodium and water move through channels in the body.

CF patients may require specialized vitamins A, D, E, and K due to the inability to metabolize these vitamins, thus creating greater gastrointestinal developments.

The mother reported that her other son had had multiple episodes of chest congestion and pneumonia, symptoms of CF also. This is a clue that the mother was familiar with CF. Cystic Fibrosis creates thickened mucous, allowing mucous buildup within the respiratory tract, resulting in bronchiectasis and infections. Impaired bronchioles/ damaged airways cannot move the mucus up and out of the body.

CF is the most diagnosed genetic disorder presenting symptoms of advancing obstructive lung disease, sinusitis, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency leading to malabsorption and malnutrition, liver and pancreatic dysfunction, and male infertility. Lung infections, breathing problems, wheezing and prolonged coughing, salty-tasting skin and sweat, nose or sinuses (polyps) growth, swelling in the rectum and rectal prolapse, and clubbing of toes or fingers. (Egan MD et al., n.d.)

The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.

The physiological response to the stimulus presented resulted from the infant born receiving the recessive gene pattern for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) development from his parents. The child eating is experiencing abdominal pain after eating and therefore cries. The mother offers that she also has a 23-month-old son experiencing symptoms of CF, chest congestion, and pneumonia and has received some information related to CF. the mother is now questioning what CF is and whether she should have any more children. The mother has some knowledge of CF, a hereditary disease. (Dickinson MD, MPH & Collaco, MD, Ph.D., 2021)

The cells that are involved in this process.

CF originates from a specific mutation of the recessive gene pattern, a mutation. They are establishing what specific CF mutation resulted in the disease development. CF results from a misfolded or improperly functioning protein called the Cystic Fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR works in the membrane of the epithelial cells of organs throughout the body as a chloride ion channel. This channel allows chloride to move in and out of the body. The movement of the chloride across the membrane attracts sodium ions across the cell membrane, followed by a subsequent follow of water to the cell’s exterior. The chloride and sodium exchange is the process of hydration and thins mucous. In CF, the dysfunctioning CFTR channel inhibits the water flow, leaving the mucous thickened and without sufficient water, making it difficult for the mucous to move with ciliary clearance. The thickened mucous buildup creates a perfect atmosphere for bacterial growth and the breakdown of normal respiratory functions. The thickened mucous also creates problems in organs such as the sinuses, liver, pancreas, intestines, and male reproductive tract. (Stephen [Shannon], 2015)

How would another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) change your response?

CF, an auto-recessive inherited disease, affects males and females equally proportionately. Other factors occur within closely related parents, have a very high probability of having a CF offspring, seen in siblings but not the parents, and one-fourth of the children of parents that are CF carriers will be affected. Questioning the parent’s biological relationship could offer some valuable information. To answer the mother’s question if she should have more children, I recommend genomic testing before conceiving to make an informed decision.

References

Dickinson MD, MPH, K. M., & Collaco, MD, Ph.D., J. M. (2021). Cystic Fibrosis. Pediatrics in Review42(2). Retrieved February 26, 2023, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33526571/Links to an external site.

Dutra, Ph.D., A. (2023). HETEROZYGOUS (Talking Glossary of Genomic and Genetic Terms) [Heterozygous]. National Human Genome Research Institute. Retrieved February 26, 2023, from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/heterozygousLinks to an external site.

Egan MD, M., Koff MD, J., & Britto-Leon MD, C. (n.d.). Cystic Fibrosis in Children. Yale Medicine. Retrieved February 26, 2023, from  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/cystic-fibrosis-in-children#:~:text=In%20addition%20to%20losing%20more%20salt%20through%20sweat,kissing%20their%20babies%2C%20that%20their%20skin%20tastes%20salty.%29Links to an external site.

McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.

National Human Genome Research Institute. (2023). ALLELE (Talking Glossary of Genomic and Genetic Terms) [Allele]. Retrieved February 26, 2023, from  https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/AlleleLinks to an external site.

Stephen. (2015). The Cellular Mechanism of CF: The Basics. Cystic Fibrosis News Today.

https://cysticfibrosisnewstoday.com/news/the-cellular-mechanism-of-cf-the-basics/Links to an external site.

This is a write-up of respiratory exam. I need you to expand on the information with in-text citation.

This is a write-up of respiratory exam. I need you to expand on the information with in-text citation.

I need two high-level scholarly references within the last 5 years in APA format with in text citations.

 

Write up for Cardiovascular Physical Examination

 

Blood pressure: upright and supine position to compare the blood pressure. When going from supine to sitting position, there is no changes or decrease in blood pressure or dizziness.

 

Neck veins: patient turned her head to the right, no jugular vein distention observed at 30-35 degrees. Jugular venous pressure measured at 30-45 degrees, under 3 cm which is normal.

Carotid pulses palpated bilateral: no thrill. Auscultation with bell and diaphragm, no bruit.

 

Chest and trunk:

Inspection:

no visualized chest wall abnormalities. Sternum at midline. No precordial pulsations. No aortic abdominal pulsations.

 

Palpation:

No thrill, heaves or lifts in the aortic, pulmonary, Erbs point, tricuspid and mitral area.

Point of maximum intensity (PMI) : 5th intercostal space at the left midclavicular line.

Aortic valve: 2nd right intercostal space. Pulmonic valve : 2nd left intercostal space. Erb’s point: 3rd left intercostal space. Tricuspid: 4th left , mitral 5th left intercostal space.

 

Auscultation:

S1 and S2 present. Regular rhythm and rate. Auscultation of Aortic, Pulmonary, Erb’s Point, tricuspid and mitral valves no bruits.

Physiologic splitting of S2 occurs due to unsynchronized closure of pulmonary and aortic valves during inspiration

Abdominal aorta: no thrills/bruits.

 

Peripheral exam:

Extremities without visual abnormalities, skin is warm, no jaundice, no edema, no varicose veins. Radial pulse: bilateral equal grade 3+. Brachial pulse: bilateral equal grade 3+. Femoral pulse: bilateral: bilateral equal grade 3+. Popliteal pulse bilateral equal grade 3+ Dorsalis pedis pulse bilateral equal grade 3+. Posterior tibial pulse bilateral equal grade 3+

Capillary refill in finger and toes:< 2 sec

Fingers: No clubbing, cyanosis, tar staining or splinter hemorrhages.

 

Expectations

Initial Post:

Everything in APA format with intext citations

References: 2 high-level scholarly references within the last 5 years in APA format.

Plagiarism free.

Turnitin receipt.

The role genetics plays in the disease.

The role genetics plays in the disease.

Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disease characterized by hypochloremia and autosomal recessive inheritance tendencies. CF occurs in 1 in 2500 births, and 1 out of 25 whites carry one copy of the specific gene that causes cystic Fibrosis. When one of 2 or more alternative forms of a gene in the DNA sequence is at a genomic location with embryos inheriting two alleles, one from each parent, the individual is homozygous (having identical genome markers found at the same place on the chromosome). . (McCance & Huether, 2019

Homozygous individuals must have a recessive allele to deliver the disease. (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2023) These genes or alleles are classified as normal, wild-type, abnormal, or mutant. If the allele is different, defined as heterozygous, or has two versions of the genomic marker. (Dutra, Ph.D., 2023) The CF gene encodes a protein product that forms chloride channels in the membranes of specialized epithelial cells.
Defective transport of chloride ions leads to a salt imbalance, resulting in secretions of abnormally thick, dehydrated mucus. Some digestive organs, particularly the pancreas, become obstructed, causing malnutrition, and the lungs become clogged with mucus making them highly susceptible to bacterial infections (Pseudomonas). With the progression of the disease, lung disease and heart failure develop, and by age 40, death is expected. Consanguinity or two individuals from the same bloodline (second cousins or closer) becoming pregnant with both carrying the same recessive genes,  contributing to the inheritance of CF. (Dutra, Ph.D., 2023, Chapter four)

Why is the patient presenting with the specific symptoms described?

The symptoms: of crying after eating, not gaining weight, having a swollen belly, and skin that tastes like salt are consistent with CF. Presenting due to the baby’s disease progresses. Newborns can and may be asymptomatic, and with age, symptoms develop. CF affects the pancreas and liver, resulting in pancreatic insufficiency leading to malabsorption and malnutrition. Babies with CF can be born with intestinal obstruction (Meconium ileus). The baby is eating, but his body is not metabolizing the nutrients from his food. The baby cannot digest the food, so the food does not move through the GI tract resulting in abdominal swelling. The baby cries after he eats due to the discomfort and pain accompanying his stomach filling and the food being unable to move through the GI tract. Other symptoms reported are swelling in the rectum that can create an intestinal blockage and an inflated colon. (Egan MD et al., n.d.) As a mutated gene, the CFTR modifies the protein that helps transport sodium across the cell membrane. This action results in losing more sodium through sweating and affects how sodium and water move through channels in the body.

CF patients may require specialized vitamins A, D, E, and K due to the inability to metabolize these vitamins, thus creating greater gastrointestinal developments.

The mother reported that her other son had had multiple episodes of chest congestion and pneumonia, symptoms of CF also. This is a clue that the mother was familiar with CF. Cystic Fibrosis creates thickened mucous, allowing mucous buildup within the respiratory tract, resulting in bronchiectasis and infections. Impaired bronchioles/ damaged airways cannot move the mucus up and out of the body.

CF is the most diagnosed genetic disorder presenting symptoms of advancing obstructive lung disease, sinusitis, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency leading to malabsorption and malnutrition, liver and pancreatic dysfunction, and male infertility. Lung infections, breathing problems, wheezing and prolonged coughing, salty-tasting skin and sweat, nose or sinuses (polyps) growth, swelling in the rectum and rectal prolapse, and clubbing of toes or fingers. (Egan MD et al., n.d.)

The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.

The physiological response to the stimulus presented resulted from the infant born receiving the recessive gene pattern for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) development from his parents. The child eating is experiencing abdominal pain after eating and therefore cries. The mother offers that she also has a 23-month-old son experiencing symptoms of CF, chest congestion, and pneumonia and has received some information related to CF. the mother is now questioning what CF is and whether she should have any more children. The mother has some knowledge of CF, a hereditary disease. (Dickinson MD, MPH & Collaco, MD, Ph.D., 2021)

The cells that are involved in this process.

CF originates from a specific mutation of the recessive gene pattern, a mutation. They are establishing what specific CF mutation resulted in the disease development. CF results from a misfolded or improperly functioning protein called the Cystic Fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR works in the membrane of the epithelial cells of organs throughout the body as a chloride ion channel. This channel allows chloride to move in and out of the body. The movement of the chloride across the membrane attracts sodium ions across the cell membrane, followed by a subsequent follow of water to the cell’s exterior. The chloride and sodium exchange is the process of hydration and thins mucous. In CF, the dysfunctioning CFTR channel inhibits the water flow, leaving the mucous thickened and without sufficient water, making it difficult for the mucous to move with ciliary clearance. The thickened mucous buildup creates a perfect atmosphere for bacterial growth and the breakdown of normal respiratory functions. The thickened mucous also creates problems in organs such as the sinuses, liver, pancreas, intestines, and male reproductive tract. (Stephen [Shannon], 2015)

How would another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) change your response?

CF, an auto-recessive inherited disease, affects males and females equally proportionately. Other factors occur within closely related parents, have a very high probability of having a CF offspring, seen in siblings but not the parents, and one-fourth of the children of parents that are CF carriers will be affected. Questioning the parent’s biological relationship could offer some valuable information. To answer the mother’s question if she should have more children, I recommend genomic testing before conceiving to make an informed decision.

References

Dickinson MD, MPH, K. M., & Collaco, MD, Ph.D., J. M. (2021). Cystic Fibrosis. Pediatrics in Review42(2). Retrieved February 26, 2023, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33526571/Links to an external site.

Dutra, Ph.D., A. (2023). HETEROZYGOUS (Talking Glossary of Genomic and Genetic Terms) [Heterozygous]. National Human Genome Research Institute. Retrieved February 26, 2023, from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/heterozygousLinks to an external site.

Egan MD, M., Koff MD, J., & Britto-Leon MD, C. (n.d.). Cystic Fibrosis in Children. Yale Medicine. Retrieved February 26, 2023, from  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/cystic-fibrosis-in-children#:~:text=In%20addition%20to%20losing%20more%20salt%20through%20sweat,kissing%20their%20babies%2C%20that%20their%20skin%20tastes%20salty.%29Links to an external site.

McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.

National Human Genome Research Institute. (2023). ALLELE (Talking Glossary of Genomic and Genetic Terms) [Allele]. Retrieved February 26, 2023, from  https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/AlleleLinks to an external site.

Stephen. (2015). The Cellular Mechanism of CF: The Basics. Cystic Fibrosis News Today.

https://cysticfibrosisnewstoday.com/news/the-cellular-mechanism-of-cf-the-basics/Links to an external site.