Punishment is highly effective in Changing Long term Behaviors

Punishment is highly effective in Changing Long term Behaviors

Part 1: Annotated Bibliography

Carter-Davies, L., & Bristow, D. (2018). Parental Physical Punishment: Child Outcomes and Attitudes. 1-33.

The article was written by Lauren Carter-Davies and Dan Bristow and published in 2018. The article is credible for studying child punishment because Dan Bristow has served as a director for children policy and participated in numerous publications. On the other hand, Lauren Carter Davies is a research officer and has immensely contributed to research involving corporal punishment. The article was published in 2018, showing that the article’s information is up-to-date and relevant to the discussion topic. The article will used in the paper to show that punishment could be an ineffective means of reinforcing behavior in children. According to the article, physical punishment breach the rights of children.

Gershoff, E. T., & Lee, S. J. (2020). Ending the physical punishment of children: A guide for clinicians and practitioners. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

The book was written by Gershoff and Lee and published in 2020. The book is credible because Elizabeth Thompson Gershoff is a Professor of Human Development and Family Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin. Shawna J. Lee, Ph.D., is an associate professor at the University Of Michigan in social work, where she is director of the Parenting in Context Research Lab and Director of the Program Evaluation Group. The book was published in 2020, and thus, it has relevant and up-to-date information. The book discusses other interventions parents could use to instill good character and behavior among their children apart from punishment. In the final paper, the book will propose other alternatives parents can use to correct their children apart from physical punishment.

Hyman, I. A. (1997).The case against spanking: how to discipline your child without hitting. Jossey-Bass.

The book was written by Hyman Irwin and published in 1997. Irwin was an American school psychologist opposed to corporal punishment among children, and thus, the book source is credible. It was published in 1997 and can provide an excellent platform to compare how parenting perspectives and punishment opinions have changed over time. The author offers parents and teachers constructive methods that can be used to punish their children apart from physical punishment. He asserts that hitting children causes injuries and could result in the children feeling rejected. He provides alternative methods parents can use to punish their children. According to him, punishment is key to children’s behavioral development but should be done appropriately. In the final paper, the book will discuss other children’s corrective measures that can be used to promote children’s behavior.

Introduction

How many children are punished every day across the world? Many researchers and opinions suggest that punishment is unavoidable in enhancing the behavior of children. Still, dissenters perceive punishment as an inappropriate way of raising children. Nevertheless, society has been made to believe that punishment is the only option to deal with children. Albeit punishment increases respect for authority, makes children accountable for their misconduct, and teaches them to behave like adults, on the other hand, it can make the children feel rejected, lonely, and misunderstood.

Punishment increases the respect of authority. Psychologically, punishing children makes them aware that they are subject to a higher order that needs to be respected. Consequently, as they grow up, they learn to be obedient to their parents, teachers, and the social structures within their societies. Secondly, many believe that punishing children make the account for their mistakes. For instance, if a child is punished for disrespecting an older adult, the child will feel guilty for his/her actions. Accordingly, the child learns how to interact with other members respectfully. On the contrary, if the child is not punished for an offense s/he commits, there is no accountability. Hence, the child grows abusing disrespecting other members of the society.

Additionally, many people believe that punishment changes children’s long-term behavior by teaching them how to behave like adults. As a result, the children are constantly punished when they contradict what is right. As they grow up, they learn to do what is expected of them, or otherwise, they begin behaving like adults. Hence, punishment shapes character by making the children act like adults.

On the contrary, opponents of child punishment believe that punishing children makes them feel rejected. Consequently, they isolate themselves from other family members and peers, which eventually affects their behavioral development. Also, punishing children make them feel misunderstood. For instance, when a parent punishes her child for arriving late at home after school, the child may feel misunderstood. Therefore, punishment tempers with children’s long-term behavior because it makes them feel unwanted, lonely, and misunderstood.

Conclusively, many people believe that punishment helps children to grow up morally upright. However, the punishment could lead to children’s ultimate downfall by making them feel rejected and ignored.

References

Carter-Davies, L., & Bristow, D. (2018). Parental Physical Punishment: Child Outcomes and Attitudes. 1-33.

Gershoff, E. T., & Lee, S. J. (2020). Ending the physical punishment of children: A guide for clinicians and practitioners. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Hyman, I. A. (1997).The case against spanking: how to discipline your child without hitting. Jossey-Bass.